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[重要] 留學寫作指南

2013年02月21日來源:美國留學網作者: 萬佳留學
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聯系出國所需要的文件

☆ TOEFL成績單

☆ GRE成績單

☆ GRE SUBJECT 成績單。并非每個專業都要求你有專項成績,但你有的話,通常能增加你贏得獎學金的機會。

☆ TSE成績單。并不是所有學生必須提供的,但有一個良好的TSE成績,能增加拿助教津貼的機會。

☆ 本科四年成績單。如果大學尚未畢業,可只提供現有的成績單。所有成績單都應當是中、英文對照的,最好兩份同時蓋上公章并封入信封,在封口上再蓋上封簽章。每所大學都會要求一、兩份這樣的成績單。由于聯系學校的數量一般在10~20所所以應該準備好不少于30份的成績單。

☆ 研究生成績單。國外學校一般要求提供所有post-secondary education的成績單,如果你讀過研究生,自然也包括你在研究生學習期間的成績單。 這些成績單的制作要求與本科成績單相同。

☆ 本科、研究生的畢業證書和學位證書。在聯系過程中,通常只要將這些證件的復印件寄給所聯系的學校就行,但在使館簽證和到美國的大學報到時,則需要出示原件和公證件。 寄這些證件復印件時,應隨附英文翻譯。

☆ PERSONAL STATEMENT 或 STATEMENT OF PURPOSE。這是一份各專業都需要的自我表白材料,一般要求500~1000字。在這篇十分重要的文章中,你既要把對所學專業的精深看法寫出來,還要把自己的精神狀態和對前途的看法寫出來。既要寫得具體、實在,又要寫得生動感人。如何寫作這份文件,是本軟件的重要內容。

☆ 三封推薦信。各學校一般要求每個申請者提供三封推薦信。大部分學校都有固定的推薦信表格,只要按照表格填寫就行。多數情況下,推薦信也可以由推薦人另行用信紙寫成,單獨或隨表格一起寄給國外學校。每份推薦信都必須由推薦人親自簽名,不能復印。推薦人最好由了解你的大學老師、單位領導及專業知名人士擔任。如果有外國教授比較了解、欣賞你,請他們寫推薦信,效果往往不錯。本軟件將對一些推薦信實例進行評改。

☆ 資金證明表。該表由各大學寄給你,要求你填上自己和家庭的經濟狀況,去美國讀書的資金來源以及由誰提供擔保等。

☆ RESUME 或簡歷。個人簡歷并不是每個學校每個專業都要求的,但寫出一份個人簡歷,把自己的教育背景、工作經驗和優點一目了然地呈現在洋教授們面前,一定會對你只有好處沒有壞處。

☆ 論文摘要工程項目設計介紹。有些學校明文要求這些,但即便沒有要求,你也應盡可能地提供,因為它們能夠顯著增加你的自述的可信度,從而大大提高你獲得錄取和資助的機會。

☆ 各大學所需的其他表格。有些學校和有些專業可能會要求某些特殊的申請文件,如有的大學要求你的健康證明等,應按要求準備并寄出。

☆ 正式申請大學的申請費。中國學生現在已不可能逃避這項30~70美元不等的費用。通常你可以到中國銀行辦理美元匯票,或請國外的親友們幫你用支票交納。

☆ 錄取通知書。各大學在正式錄取你后,都會給你發出正式錄取通知書。該通知書通常與獎學金無關。

☆ I-20表。該表是所有到美國留學的學員最后都必須收到的一份重要表格,持該表格就可以辦護照和簽證,以最終進入美國。

☆ 護照。沒有護照,一切免談。辦護照一般需要如下文件:a.錄取通知書;b.I-20 表(美國);c.出境申請表,在上面需要有單位的人事章和公安局的審批章;d.國家培養費交費證明;e如果還沒有畢業的學員要有退學證明書。

☆ 健康免疫證明書。每個學生都必須在出國前參加體檢,注射一些疫苗,由中國衛生檢疫中心發給健康免疫證明書,在通過美國海關時使用。

☆ 各種公證文件。在出國過程中也許并不需要,到了美國也難得用上,但一旦涉及結婚,工作等重大事情時卻可能必不可少,所以必須做好準備。這些公證主要包括:婚姻公證,無犯罪公證,工作經驗公證等。
聯系出國時間表

如果把參加考試的時間計算在內,多數人聯系自費出國留學需要兩年時間,至少也需要一年半的時間。假定你現在已達到大學四級的英語水平,你TOEFL學習需要2~4個月時間,GRE學習需要4~6個月時間。TOEFL成績有效期為2年,GRE成績有效期為5年。TOEFL考試和GRE考試二者沒有哪一個必須先考的問題。但因為TOEFL比GRE相對要容易,所以可以先考TOEFL,以便按部就班地學習。著急出國的人也可以同時準備,在大約同一時間內參加考試。

一般來說,應當在一年左右的時間內解決所有英語語言考試。假如你希望2003年秋天到美國去讀書,那么你的TOEFL考試應該在2002年8月份以前結束。GRE自1999年1月底在中國實行計算機化的考試,這樣,在1~12月期間,你可以從容地任意挑選一個時間參加GRE的考試。總而言之,只要可能,你應當在開始準備申請文件以前完成各項英語語言考試。這樣,你選擇、聯系學校時可以比較有針對性,同時也能避免你因為一邊聯系學校一邊準備考試而心煩意亂、顧此失彼。

以下是我們推薦的聯系時間表,供參考:

3月~7月
在準備、參加考試的同時確定自己希望到美國去攻讀的專業,調查該專業在美國各大學的排名和其他情況。通過Peterson's Guide 等資料查詢各大學專業招生情況、要求及地址。有條件的,也可以進入各大學在Internet的網點查詢。在8月份以前必須選出30~40所學校作為自己的聯系對象。在些期間,還應該盡可能回原畢業的學校開出中英文的正式成績單。

8月1日~8月30日
寫好第一封聯系信,通過郵局或E-mail發給你感興趣的學校,索取申請表及相關。本軟件提供了一些經我們評改過的聯系信實例。現在越來越多的學校在這的萬維網站上提供申請表格和其他申請資料,你可以從那里下載。

9月~10月
收到校方的回信和申請資料,著手準備各種各樣的文件。首先要對申請表格進行篩選,排除一些不合適或對你不表示歡迎的學校,最后選定10~15所學校作為認真聯系的對象。然后按這些學校各自的要求準備文件,通常這些文件包括經校方簽章并簽封的中英文成績單,TOEFL、GRE等語言考試成績單的復印件,你自己寫的personal statement, resume, essays, 和你的推薦人寫的recommendation letters, 等等。

11月1日~11月30日
認真填寫所選出的10~15所大學的表格,為這些大學擬定全部文件和材料。在這過程中,最好為每個大學建立一個檔案,保留和該校相關的文件和文件備份,以便隨時掌握聯系的進度。準備一個大信封,把全部要寄出的資料按順序放入。這些資料包括:
a. Cover Letter, 向校方說明全部資料已準備齊全,現在一起寄出,希望校方認真考慮并給予回音。
b.申請費,可到中國銀行或中信實業銀行辦理匯票,然后把該匯票附在你的申請表上。
c.申請表,按照各大學的要求填寫,有條件的可用電動打字機打上去,如果用筆填寫,一定要一筆一劃寫得很清楚。
d. Personal Statement & Resume,這兩個文件事關你的獎學金,一定要把你的優勢和成就寫得充分可信。
e.論文或作品集。
f.TOEFL、GRE成績單,復印后簽上字,放入包封(package)中。
g.如果有一篇專業論文附在檔案中,一定會增加錄取或拿獎學金的機會。學建筑等專業的學則應提交作品集。
h.財力證明,不管有沒有錢,都要把該表填好放入申請package中。
i.各學校所要求的其他資料和文件。這些文件都是要由你自己準備并寄出的。

下列文件不能出現在前段提到的大信封里,必須單獨寄發:

1. Three Recommendation Letters, 把三封推薦信分三個信封裝好,并在信封口上請教授簽上字。
2. 中、英文對照的成績單,用學校的信封封好,封口上應有學校的簽章
3. TOEFL、GRE的正式成績單,必須安排國外的考試中心直接寄給學校。

12月~1月
向各大學寄出所有聯系資料,并要求ETS向各大學寄TOEFL、GRE成績單原件。在以上工作全部結束以后,可再選出10所左右一般的大學,在不交申請費,不寄TOEFL、GRE成績單原件的前提下進行聯系,有時會有意想不到的結果。

2月~4月
用通信或E-mail的方式和學校保持聯系。可能的話,向大學所學專業的教授寫信做自我推薦,讓那些能決定你命運的教授了解了,以進一步提高你被錄取和授予獎學金的機會。有時校方會來函,告知缺什么文件,接到信后應趕緊把所需文件寄過去。在接到一所學校來的獎學金后,不要急于答復,因為可能會有更多更好的學校給予獎學金。到4月上、中旬再決定去哪一所學校,然再把別的學校回絕掉。

5月~6月
如果到5月份還沒有接到獎學金,不用著急,但要與學校繼續保持聯系。大約有三分之一的獎學金是在5月和6月發下來的。拿到I-20表的學員,可以開始到公安機關辦理護照。護照拿到后,隨時可去美國大使館申請簽證。中國學生一般有三次連續簽證的機會,每次簽證費405元人民幣,從2002年6月1日開始,簽證費漲到559元人民幣。獲全獎的學員多能一次通過。半獎或沒獎的學員只要準備充分,也有相當的機會。

7月~8月
處理好國內的各種事務,預定好飛機票,作身體健康免疫檢查,辦理好各種所需要的公證文件,購置各種所需物品,和美國大學聯系住宿問題,做好出國準備。

以上粗略的出國時間表僅供大家參考使用。大家可能會碰上不同的情況,到時一定要靈活處理。如果碰上實在棘手的問題可以找專家咨詢。

最初的聯系信1

Jiao Dianshi
Dept. of Entertainment
Tsinghua University
Beijing 111001
People's Republic of China

Sept. 31, 1998


Graduate Admissions Committee
Department of Fancy Discipline
Nice & Beautiful University
101 Hollywood Boulevard
Los Angeles, CA 10090
United States of America


Dear Sir or Madam:

I am a lecturer teaching video production at the Tsinghua University of China, one of the country's leading institutions of higher learning. I now wish to scale higher intellectual heights by pursuing advanced studies in a quality graduate program at an American university. Towards that end, I am writing to ask for a package of your application documents. Your timely assistance will be greatly appreciated.

I did my undergraduate studies at the Tsinghua University, where I now teach, and obtained a Master's Degree in 1996 at the Beijing Institute of Broadcasting, the best higher-learning institution of its kind in China. In the past two years, I have been serving as a popular teacher of television shooting and the making of documentary films. In this capacity, I have published a number of research papers concerning China's booming media industry.

As I try to ground myself more solidly in my teaching and research career, I need to broaden my vision and perspectives. Checking into the Peterson's Guide and other sources, I have found that your university offers the kind of graduate program that caters to my type of research interests. It is therefore hoped that this letter will start me off in a process that will lead to my enrolment in your program next year.


Yours sincerely

Jiao Dianshi

最初的聯系信2

Chen Xuemin
P.O. Box 4444
Northern Industrial University
Beijing 100085
E-Mail: chenxue@mail.niu.edu.cn


Apr. 31, 1998
Graduate School
University of Wonders
London N55 44G
United Kingdom


Dear Sir or Madam:

I am a Chinese student due to graduate this year with a B.S. from the Computer Department of the Northern Industrial University, a distinguished higher-learning institution based in Beijing, China's capital. I would like to apply for acceptance into your graduate program so that I can further my training in my chosen field of studies. All your assistance will be highly appreciated.

I was born in 1976 in Liaoning, the country's most industrialized province, with a population of about 40 million. My education began in 1983 in my hometown Liaoyang's Nanlinzi Primary School. I did so well at Nanlinzi that I won admission in 1986 into the Liaoning Experiemental Primary School, which groups together the province's best and brightest children. It was at the Liaoning Experimental Primary School that I set out to learn computer programming with the BASIC language at only 11 years of age, which is quite unusual among Chinese children even today. In 1988, I moved on into the Liaoning Experimental Middle School, the cream of the province's high schools. In this middle school, I persevered in enhancing my computer expertise, which enabled me to win the championship at a contest of computer knowledge that involved all the high schools in Shenyang, the capital of Liaoning.

My schooling at the province's best high school paid off in 1994. That year, I gained acceptance into the Northern Industrial University on the strength of my impressive grades in the highly competitive National University Entrance Examinations, which are held annually nationwide to screen high school graduates for university education. In the four years since, I have been receiving systematic and comprehensive training in computer science, taking courses ranging from discrete mathematics, fundamentals of combinatorics, introduction to mathematical logic, assembly language, C language, data structure, compiler design theory, operating system, computer architecture and organization, to fundamentals of computer networks.

Meanwhile, I have also endeavored to improve my English proficiency. Recently, I took the TOFEL and GRE tests. Although the scores are still pending, I believe that they will be good.

I now would very much like to expand the horizon and insights that my education so far has endowed in me. Towards that end, I have checked around for a good Western university to go to. Judging by all that I know, I think your university suits my purpose the best. It would be a great privilege for me if I could join your graduate program to advance my training. Please send me an application package and all other material I might need to apply for acceptance.


Yours sincerely,

Chen Xuemin

最初的聯系信修改稿

本信較長,是個頗極端的例子。由于原作者堅持要寫滿一頁,所以改后稿也甚長。其實這么多文字很可能浪費了。這樣一封用于索取資料的信,目的僅是要對方對自己產生興趣,然后把申請和介紹材料寄給自己。一般來說,這種信不必要太長,也不必太詳細地介紹自己,更不必要設計與自己學術能力無關的內容。當然,也不要使用Dear Leadership這種話,聽起來讓人起雞皮疙瘩。

Dear President and Leadership,

My name is Tai Changle, I will graduate from Computer Department of Chinese Northern Industrial University this year. I would like to apply for further study as graduate student at your University. I took forward to your permission and reply. Here is my resume as following:

I was born in Liaoyang city of Liaoning Province, China, in June 10, 1976. I studied at the Nanlinzi Primary School in my home town from September 1983 to June 1986, at the Provincial Testing Primary School of Liaoning Province in Shenyang City from June 1986 to July 1988, at the provincial Testing Middle School of Liaoning Province In Shenyang City from September 1988 to February 1992, at the Middle School attached at the People's University of China in Beijing from February 1992 to July 1994. Since September 1994, I became an undergraduate at the Northern Industrial University of China in Beijing.

When I was 11 years old, I began to study BASIC language programming. In middle school, I kept on studying computer knowledge in my spare time, and won a championship at the competition of computer knowledge in which the students from all excellent High Schools in Shenyang City took part.

In the last four years, I have learned the courses on computer systematically, including Discrete Mathematics, Fundamentals of Combinatorics Introduction to Mathematical Logic, Assembly Language, C Language, Data Structure, Compiler Design Theory, Operating System, Computer Architecture and Organization, Fundamentals of Computer Networks and So on.

In the mean time, I took the TOFEL and GRE test. Last year, I got a license for drivers.

My four years undergraduate life is very wonderful and meaningful, it has expanded my horizon. I long for the chance to learn more knowledge. ## is the best university in my mind. I wish I could study at your University in the future.


Sincerely,

PERSONAL STATEMENT

By Jin Sheng

From this book, I learned a lot of modern technology that can improve the performance of computer, like pipelining and parallel processing. It made my mind. In the third year, I entered the laboratory, worked with Dr. Komatsu (chief researcher in IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory) and Dr. Koseki (researcher in IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory) on GIFT project. It introduces the following architecture supports that can allow compilers to derive more parallelism from programs. 1. A conditional execution mechanism. 3 A dynamic memory disambiguation mechanism to execute memory access instructions simultaneously.

As an undergraduate student, I only could do a limited research work, but at the seminar twice a week, I learned lots about parallel processing and software engineering. In laboratory, we read and discuss the paper and book, like " ADVANCED COMPILER DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION", with master students. Dr. Komatsu also taught us some new knowledge. My graduation thesis is :" An Improvement of Softwarepipelining using Loop Transformations". In that, I introduced a translation algorithm using Loop interchange and Loop skewing. This algorithm can minimize the initiation interval of loop nest to improve the performance of Softwarepipelining."

Yet parallel processing is mostly aren't in recent system, it is far from maturity. There are still some sequential algorithms can't be easily translated into fast parallel algorithms and most compiler can only distribute works on one platform. Another unsettled problem is rogramming parallel computers now is still a manual work, even the modern language ( like Java, C++) can do some automatic translation work. If there is a compiler that can translate and distribute work into different platforms, then personal computers can work like a supercomputer with low cost. Especially, today, more and more computers are connected by network, even in family. Contacting all computers in world to make the fastest one is not a dream.

Without advanced knowledge, I can do nothing but wait. In order to convert my undergraduate study into full play, graduate is necessity. Form the Web and my advisor's recommendation, I am pleased to learn that your department has an academic atmosphere where originality is appreciated and individual potential is explored. It will be the best place for my specialized study. If possible, my main interest in the future will be in the following areas.
Parallelizing and Distributing Compiler

Operating System

Computer Network

    Upon the completion of my study, I would work to realize the dream before. I believe it will fruit in the nearest future.

PERSONAL STATEMENT

By Jin Sheng

本科生往往沒有太多的東西可寫,重要的是要找到unique的角度。本文學習目的寫得相當明確。

A fourth-year student grounded solidly in the basics of computer science, I am writing in pursuit of graduate studies that I hope can help me acquire cutting-edge expertise in software programming in general and parallel processing in particular.

Intrigued by the power of the computer since high school, I have been trying to stay on top of the computer science by concentrating my undergraduate studies on those subjects that underpin the discipline, particularly mathematics and electronics. To build up my solid knowledge in these subjects, I have taken virtually all the related courses that the university has had to offer. These courses include Algorithm & Data Structure, Mathematical Modeling, Network Theory, Digital Circuit, Discrete Mathematics, and Electric Circuit. With a sophisticated understanding in these areas, I have been well positioned to appreciate the basic theories of computer science and their applications to software development.

Aided by the firm command of the basics, I have found it not only easy but also exciting to study the various subjects covered by my major. As most of my classmates, I took a variety of courses ranging from AI to Computer Network, from AI Programming to Knowledge Engineering, from Pattern Recognition to Software Engineering, and from Database Design to Programming Language Design. But I distinguished myself by my academic record, which places me as one of the very top students in my class. My grades in these course never went below A or B. I have also stood out as one of the few who have taught themselves Real Time System and Computer Graphics.

Armed with sound training in the basic theories and applied technologies, I have been able to move on into deeper and wider areas of computer science. Early in my university life, I began to understand that the modern computer's base, the Turing machine, was reaching its limits in AI. Gradually, I have narrowed down my research interest to parallel & distributive computing, which I understand can significantly boost the performance of personal computers by giving them some of the functions of mainframe computers.

Of all the areas of computer science, parallel processing fascinates me the most. The term first came to me when I read the book Computer Organization & Design: the Hardware/software Interface as part of my Computer Architecture course. By teaching me how the performance of computers can be improved through pipelining and parallel processing, the book reshaped my thinking in computer science.

My lab experience deepened my understanding of parallel processing. In my third year, I worked on a GIFT project with Dr. Komatsu, chief researcher of IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory and Dr. Koseki, one of Dr. Komatsu's colleagues. The project was to introduce the architecture supports that can allow compilers to derive more parallelism from programs. These architecture supports include three designs, a conditional execution mechanism to execute instructions without normal conditional jump instructions, speculative execution mechanism, and a dynamic memory disambiguation mechanism to execute memory access instructions simultaneously.

As undergraduate students seldom get to be involved in actual research, I took full advantage of the opportunity of working in the lab. I particularly enjoyed the seminars held twice a week as part of the lab work. At these seminars, I engaged in in-depth discussions with Master's students under Dr. Komatsu's seasoned guidance. The lab experience is adding weight and insights to my graduation paper An Improvement of Software pipelining using Loop Transformations. In this paper, I will introduce a translation algorithm using loop interchange and loop skewing. This algorithm can minimize the initiation interval of loop nest to improve the performance of software pipelining.

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