怎樣在PS中寫出漂亮的句子？”——抽象名詞的力量

2013年02月21日來源：美國留學網作者：萬佳留學

>>我感興趣，馬上在線咨詢很多英語專業的朋友可能聽到外教們不止一次地建議，在英文寫作中要多嘗試用動詞代替名詞，因為他們認為動詞更有力度，更容易領會。這個建議本身并沒有錯，但與中文不同的是，英語詞型靈活多變。例如，動詞"lead"，可變為"leader" ，這對中國學生來說是比較容易理解的部分。然而，"lead" 和 "leader" 這兩個本來有具體含義的詞，還可以進一步變為抽象的"leadership"。我們在申請文書特別是推薦信中經常使用到"leadership"，雖然這個詞的概念并不難理解，但中國人很難找到相應的中文詞語。通常情況下，"leadership"被翻譯為“領導才能”，這樣我們就犯了以偏蓋全的錯誤，因為“領導才能”是一個具體名詞，而"leadership"比“領導才能”的含義多得多。中國的英語學習者不難理解"She married a welathy person who comes from an influential and powerful political family"或者"She married into a wealthy and powerful political family"，因為"family"和"person"都是具體名詞，但是要明白"She married a powerful political political dynasty"就不是那么容易了。因為 "dynasty"是個抽象名詞。
   由于這種語言差異的存在，學英語的中國人很自然地傾向使用具體名詞而不是抽象名詞，可能是因為漢語善于運用具體名詞而在抽象名詞的使用上相對較弱的原因。
   再舉一個大家非常熟悉的"scholarship"為例，作為具體名詞，意思是“獎學金”，但很少有人知道它可以作為抽象名詞來解釋，如：
   Drawing on the scholarship of the ancient China, Professor Joseph Needham and his Chinese collaborators at Cambridge University wrote what was to become the colossal 25 volumes of "Science and Civilization in China".
   在這里，"scholarship"的意思是學識、學問。書面英語，特別是一篇寫得好的申請信中常使用抽象名詞。中國申請者在文書方面面臨的最大挑戰之一是如何學會包括運用抽象名詞在內的技巧。
   例：
   具體： She has become so famous that her name is synonymous to one of the labs in this university.
   抽象： She has become an institution in one of the labs in this university.
   具體： Mr.Liu is one of the youngest Fellows of the National Scoiety and a most distinguished biochemist.
   抽象： Mr.Liu is one of the youngest Fellows of the National Scoiety and a biochemist of considerable distinction.
   具體： My US friends took me to a great many historical corners in campus of Harvard and shared with me abundant information, which I could hardly have obtained in any other way.
   抽象： My US friends offered me a remarkable orientation of Harvard's history, which I could hardly have obtained in any other way.
   具體： You must seek the word, the verb, and the adjective that best captures your ideas, and never be satisfied with the ones that only come close to what you want to convey.
   抽象： You must seek the word, the verb, and the adjective that best captures your ideas, and never be satisfied with approximations.
   注意，我們承認英語中存在大量的抽象名詞，但并不等于說這些詞廣泛適用。有些時候這些詞過于抽象，讀者得不到較切實的印象。拿"Miss Wu had great success in her study"這句化來說，"Miss Wu reached the top ladder of her study"就比它形象具體得多了。我們不說"We go to great length of serving customers with courtesy"，而說"We serve our cunstomers with a smile".
>>我感興趣，馬上在線咨詢

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怎樣在PS中寫出漂亮的句子？”——抽象名詞的力量